Academic psychologists’ central point is totally on research and psychological
theory, trying to additional psychological understanding and other psychologists may work
in applied psychology to organize such knowledge for useful benefits to improve the lives
of people. However, these approaches are not equally restricted and mostly psychologists
will be involved in both researching and applying psychology. Clinical psychology aims at
rising in practice, psychologist’s findings, knowledge, and experience with research will
carry on construction up as well as employing as they treat individuals with psychological
issues.
Social research is the scientific study of society to find out the facts and to
describe the behaviors in natural settings. More exclusively, social research examines a
society’s behaviors, attitudes, assumptions, beliefs, trends, and rules. Popular topics of
social research include social adjustment, racism, poverty and class issues, development of
behaviors and attitudes, and criminal behavior.
Research;
A process of collecting data through scientific methods is called research.
In the broadest sense of the words, the definition of research includes any gathering of
data, information and facts for the advancement of knowledge (Shuttleworth, M. 2008).
In general terms, scientific research consists of an investigation that:
Seeks answers to a question
Systematically uses a predefined set of procedures to answer the question
Collects evidence
Produces findings that were not determined in advance
produces findings that are applicable beyond the immediate boundaries of the study
The Scientific Definition
The firm definition of scientific research is performing a methodological study in order
to confirm a hypothesis or answer a precise question. Finding an ultimate answer is the
central goal of any scientific process.
In simple words research is scientific, systematic and organized process to find out the
facts and to explore the reality. It also may used to test the theory.
Research also means
that you are going to add something new in previous work.
Here;
Scientific means research follows the principles of scientific method.
Organized in that there is an organization or method in going about doing research. It
is a designed procedure, not an impulsive one. It is paying attention and restricted to an
exact scope.
Systematic means because there is a specific set of steps which you will follow.
There
are definite things in the research process which are always done in order to get the
mainly perfect results.
Finding Answers is the last step of all research. Whether it is the answer to a hypothesis or even an easy question, research is victorious when we discover answers.
Sometimes the answer is not fund, but it is at rest an answer (Shaugnessy, J. Research
Methods in Psychology 9
th Ed).
Research is systematic and organized process whose center of attention is to solve a problem or to find the answer of question passing through different steps (later you
will see all steps in chapter: 17).
In research process the problem is logically organized and
questions are devised about problem in systematic way. Hypothesis is formulated from
research problem and research question and tested by observation (using induction or
deduction method). Relevant data is collected and analyzed and true results (answer of
definite question) are found. Research does not mean to make mere experiences and
guesses but it is a set of process with different steps.
Characteristics of Research
Objectives of Research;
It captures the natural occurrence.
It determines the real creation.
It grasps the scientific control.
It identifies the regularities in social life by comparing and constructing data.
It seeks to find clarification to unexplained social phenomenon.
Follows the scientific and objective method
Systematic collection of data
Systematic interpretation of data
To make easy understanding of human behavior.
To describe human behaviors and to increase academic knowledge.
To test the theory or hypotheses and finding the solution of problems.
To illustrate the phenomenon with some degree of confidence.
To make prediction about phenomenon, events or behavior.
To find out the natural laws that regulates or directs social phenomena.
To regulate the society notion, e.g. culture, cohort gap, social detachment etc.
To identify efficient association existing in a social phenomena.
To devise solution to social problems.
To maintain social organization, remove social stress, misapprehension.
Helps illuminate doubts and correct misconception about facts of life.
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